Medway Council in Kent has given the thumbs up to the construction of a new coal-fired power station, the first in the UK for 24 years.
Energy firm E.on UK plans to build two new cleaner coal units at Kingsnorth, near Rochester.
Environmentalists said the UK's drive to cut carbon emissions would be severely compromised as a result.
The final decision on the application now passes to the government.
E.on said the new station, which will be a fifth cleaner than the present four-unit coal-fired power station, producing two million tons of CO2 less every year, could be online by 2012 and would provide enough energy for 1.5 million homes, if the government approves the application.
More than 9,000 people have objected to the plans.
Greenpeace described Kingsnorth as a relic of the past, using dinosaur technology.
The last coal-fired plant was built in Northern Ireland 24 years ago.
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